Tourism And Hospitality Management

Tourism And Hospitality Management The public sector in tourism and hospitality industry plays important role in the development of small businesses. This sector is highly important in micro sector development of the industry. The services of public sector of the tourism and hospitality industry include strategic directions that are important for the overall coherent development of the industry (Teo, 2003). The private sector of the tourism and hospitality industry plays important role in the active and passive development of the industry. This sector plays important role for transforming money from one country to the other. This sector is highly important for the economic development of tourism and hospitality industry (Teo, 2003). The third sector of tourism and hospitality industry is voluntary tourism which refers to paid activities such as formal businesses (Teo, 2003). This sector play role in terms of local communities such as difficulties regarding resident involvement. 1.2 Evaluate a range of different tourism and hospitality sectors and the organization that operate within them The tourism and hospitality industry is very broad industry which also includes service sectors such as restaurants, logging, event management, theme parks, transportations and other additional fields. The tourism and hospitality industry accounts for several billions across the world which depends on the disposal income of customers to facilitate them in leisure time. On the other hand, hospitality sector of the tourism and hospitality industry such as hotel, restaurant and other groups may also be included. On the whole, the tourism and hospitality industry can be divided into eight major segments. These are: Accommodation Events and Conferences Adventure Tourism and Recreation Tourism Services Attractions Transportation Food and Beverage Travel Trade Analyze stakeholders roles within tourism and hospitality industry The individuals, organizations or groups that have interest or stake in an organization are termed as stakeholders. Practices of organizations can have long lasting impact on the interests of stakeholders. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the interests of stakeholders. In tourism and hospitality industry, the organizations or individuals who have put capital or efforts in the establishment or development of the industry can be referred to stakeholders of the industry. In addition to this, different stakeholders in private and public sector organizations in tourism and hospitality industry can exist (Belinda, 2008). Businesses in tourism, government and communities can have stake in the tourism and hospitality industry. Tourists cannot be considered as actual stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry because they do not make significant money through this industry. On the other hand, they can influence the practices of the tourism and hospitality industry because they are involved in the industry from different aspects. Some of the stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry are as follows: Government: The most important stakeholder of the tourism and hospitality industry is government because policies and regulations of the tourism and hospitality industry are shaped by the government. In context of overall tourism and hospitality industry, government influences the practices of organizations in following respects (Belinda, 2008): By consultation with the private sector and other communities, it plans the policies of the tourism industry It ensures that the organizations in tourism and hospitality industry follow the planned policies and regulations It provides support in financial terms and guidance to the companies in tourism and hospitality industry It ensures that stability and law and order situation of the country for attracting tourists Industrialists: Industrialists are also very important stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry. Industrialists include travel agencies, organizations in the industry, and transport agencies. The organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry include hotels, restaurants, and shopping centers. The practices of all these organizations can affect the operations of the tourism and hospitality industry, as a whole. Industrialists can have following interests in the tourism and hospitality industry: To make investment in the tourism and hospitality industry To market their products and services in different organizations in tourism and hospitality industry such as hotels, restaurants and shopping centers To influence the companies for promoting their products and services Customers/tourists: Customers or tourists are also important stakeholders in the tourism and hospitality industry. This group of stakeholders demands value, quality and high customer care. These are the major source of money for the organizations operating in the tourism and hospitality industry (Belinda, 2008). Employees: Employees are the internal stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry. They have high level interest in the internal policies of the tourism and hospitality industry. They demand quality work environment, job security, compensation and truthful communication in the organizations (Belinda, 2008). Local Communities: In tourism and hospitality industry, local communities are important stakeholders. This is because they attract tourists and impact on their intentions of visiting a particular place. They can have stake in the tourism and hospitality industry in terms of job security, environment protection, promotion of local products and services and promotion of local culture and values. 1.4 Analyze the nature of changes to the structure of tourism industry over last 15 years? Over the last fifteen years, several changes have occurred in the tourism and hospitality industry. These changes may include change in oil prices which led to changes in charges of fuel in airlines Increased capacity of aviation on different routes which attract tourists to the tourism and hospitality industry low international airfares and cheap packages of travel with discounts which attract tourists towards the tourism and hospitality industry Trends in consumer demographics which change the behavior of customers for tourism law and order situation in different countries Terrorism factor which reduces the tourism in certain countries On the whole, trends in demographics of customers impact the consumer behavior in the tourism and hospitality industry. It is important for the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry to make important steps regarding strategic management relevant to these changes. Organizations should make relevant policies to attract customers. Task Two: Marketing Report 2.1 Analyse issues around sustainability and sustainable development in tourism and apply management strategies accordingly The sustainable issues in the tourism and hospitality industry refer to the environment protection. It is important for the organizations to apply certain policies regarding these issues to resolve the problems and disagreements. In the global context, the sustainability issues are very important. Organizations need to develop relevant strategies regarding the sustainable development. On the long term basis, organizations need to develop local as well as global strategies for attracting customers and ensuring sustainable development. This is because of integration of sustainable issues across the world. There are many issues in local context which may impact the sustainability in global aspects. Therefore, organizations should integrate their local and global strategies for ensuring sustainability in global tourism and hospitality industry. 2.2 Evaluate certain ways in which tourism can be managed in a sustainable way with reference to given examples There are three major ways through which sustainability issues in global tourism and hospitality industry. These are: Resource based tradition: In this method limitations to growth in hospitality industry are evaluated in resource context Activity based tradition: This refers to the transformation of hospitality industry on dynamic activities Community based tradition: This refers to the integration of resources and activities in the hospitality industry 2.3 Apply principles of corporate social responsibility to a chosen tourism business The corporate social responsibility refers to the commitment of the business to ethical and economic development. In tourism and hospitality industry, corporate social responsibility issues are highly important. These issues relate to the health and safety conditions. Moreover, commitment towards employees, customers and shareholders are also included in this context (Bhattacharya, 2011). The Savoy Hotel needs to be commitment towards environment in broad sense to fulfill its responsibility towards society. On the whole, Savoy Hotel needs to show its responsibility towards following sectors: Workplace Community Marketplace Environment Task Three: Market Research 3.1 Apply PESTLE analysis to describe the main trends in global tourism industry A business tool that evaluates the different factors of external environment of an organization is termed as PESTEL analysis. This tool analyzes the political, environmental, social, technological, legal and economic perspectives of the environment in which organizations operate. In perspective of tourism and hospitality industry, this tool determines that whether the industry is suitable or not for investment (Miriam, 2011). The PESTEL analysis of global tourism and hospitality industry is as follows: Political Factors Political factors refer to the extent to which government impacts the operations of the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry. The important political factors such as health protection laws, tax rates, law and order situation and political stability can influence the operations of the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry. In the global context, political situation in the Middle East can impact the tourism. Moreover, in countries like Afghanistan and Pakistan, where terrorism threats are high, tourism and hospitality industry is declining. Economic Factors Economic factors cal also the operations of the tourism and hospitality industry. These factors can influence the revenues and expenses of the organizations operating in the tourism and hospitality industry. The prices of products, raw materials and inflation can impact the industry. Rates of interest and exchange rates can also influence the industry. Financial downturn in the world decreased the purchasing power of the customers and tourists. In this way, overall revenues of the tourism and hospitality industry were impacted in that financial crisis. Social Factors Social factors may have long lasting impact on the practices of organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry. Health conscious behavior of customers may impact their purchasing behavior in the hotels and restaurant segment of the tourism and hospitality industry (Butler, 2004). Culture and religious practices of people in a particular country may also impact the practices of organizations in tourism and hospitality industry. Technological Factors Technological practices impact the demand and supply factors in the tourism and hospitality industry. Technological efficiency in the tourism and hospitality industry may enhance the demand. If the food technology is efficient in the tourism and hospitality industry, organizations in the restaurants and hotels can have high demand from customers. Organizations can prepare food quickly to meet the demand. Technology may also impact the relationship of organizations in tourism and hospitality industry with the customers. Efficient technologies can impact customer relationship management in the tourism and hospitality industry. Environmental Issues There are several environmental factors which influence the practices of organizations in tourism and hospitality industry. Packaging decisions are the major considerations in the tourism and hospitality industry. The practices of organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry which cause pollution may impact the image of the organizations in global context. Global warming, climatic conditions in different regions can also influence the practices of organizations in tourism and hospitality industry. Legal Issues There are many legal issues which impact the policies of tourism and hospitality industry. Rules and regulations regarding food practices can impact the organizations in restaurant sector of the tourism and hospitality industry. Laws regarding operating business in a foreign country can also impact the operations of the tourism and hospitality industry. 3.2 Distinguish between the elements of macro and micro environment The macro environment of an organization is a broad environment which aims at the investigation of major issues. This environment is basically refers to PESTEL environment analysis that allows the researchers to focus at the factors which impact a business in external and broad environment context. These factors may include economic, social, technological, political, environmental and legal factors. These factors impact the organization in different contexts. It is very important for the organizations to adapt to these factors in an effective manner. The results of PESTEL analysis allow the organization to see the factors where its strengths can be capitalized. Micro environment refers to a small environment which aims at investigation of a research problem in a small perspective. This environment refers to new patterns of organizations. This environment may include internal and small external environment of an organization. Internal environment may include employees and management. On the other hand, external environment may include suppliers, customers, and competitors. Both types of environment are highly important for the organizations to see their effectiveness for the operations of the business. 3.3 Analyze the effects of macro and micro environmental factors on tourism organization Political factors: Improvement in the trade barriers and opening of new tourism avenues can enhance the scope of Sovay Hotel for tourism (McKercher, 1993) Economic factors: Low bargaining power of customers and clients reduce the tourism revenues of Sovay Hotel Environmental factors: high concerns of environment such as pollution influence the Sovay Hotel to mold its practices in environment friendly mode Legal factors: Laws and regulations in tourism industry impact the Sovay Hotel to mold its practices according to laws Social factors: behaviors of customers towards healthy food impacts the policies of Sovay Hotel to offer healthy food to customers Technological factors: improvement in technologies and transportation influence the Sovay Hotel to reframe its practices for attracting customers and tourists 4. Task Four: Sustainability Corporate Social Responsibility 4.1 Evaluate the stages of market research process Defining the Problem or Need: The first stage of the market research process is defining the problem or need. Before conducting the market research, the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry need to identify the main problem or need of the research. They need to conduct investigation to discuss the need of conducting research and define the problems of the organizations. This stage defines the problems or issues that prevail in the organizations and hinder its performance. In order to find the solution of the problems, research is conducted. Deciding the researcher After defining the problem or need of the research in the organization, the next stage is to decide about the researcher who will conduct the research to resolve the prevailing issues. This stage refers to the formulation of analytical framework or methodology for conducting the research. The researcher creates case studies of the organization to make exact framework for the research. Deciding the methodology After defining problem and researcher, the next step is to decide about the methodology of the research. This stage refers to the exploration of different methodologies and frameworks for conducting research. These frameworks may include interview, survey or secondary data. It is very important to decide appropriate methodology relevant to the need of the market research. Relevant methodology aims at finding exact solution of the prevailing problems of the organizations (Baker, 2000). There can be qualitative or qualitative methodology for conducting the research. In qualitative methods, discussions are conducted with the relevant members for finding the solution of the prevailing problems. Qualitative methodology refers to the investigation of the problems in theoretical manner. On the other hand, quantitative methodology aims at finding the solution f research problems in quantitative terms. This methodology aims at investigating the research problems in numeric terms. Survey is th e best tool for conducting quantitative research. There is another methodology which is used to conduct market research. This methodology is mix f qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Many researchers suggest that mixed methodology is effective for finding the justified and logical answers of research questions. Data Collection Process After deciding the research methodology and researcher, the next stage is the data collection process. At this stage, research design is produced for the research. This stage defines the appropriate framework through which research is planned. Aims and objectives of the research are defined at this stage of market research (Saunders et al., 2009). This stage defines that what type of data is to be included in the research. Basically, there are two types of data i.e. primary and secondary. Primary data is the data which does not exists in the earlier records. This type of data is collected for the first time. This data is the most fresh and recent data. Researchers need this data to find the solution of problems. The advantages of this type of data are low biasness, relevance and logical results of research problems. On the other hand, secondary data is the data which exists in the earlier records. This type of data exists in the books, articles and other data bases. Researchers inclu de this data in the research to investigate the issues in theoretical terms. In order to investigate the research problem through secondary data, researchers study existing theories and models regarding the problem. This data is easy to collect. There are specific tools for collecting primary and secondary data. In order to collect primary data, survey, interview, focus group discussions or observations are used. On the other hand, secondary data can be collected through books, articles, newspapers and reports. Whatever the data is, the important consideration is to adopt relevant data tool which can investigate the research problem in effective manner. Data Analysis After collection of data, the next stage is to analyze data to find the answers if research questions in an effective manner. At this stage, data analysis techniques are discussed and decided. Data analysis must be relevant to the aims and objectives and research methodology. If data analysis technique is irrelevant to research methodology, justified and logical answers of research question cannot be obtained. Before analyzing data, it is important to present data in tables and appropriate transcripts so that reader can get deep insight of the research. Data analysis must be very effective so that relevant individuals can get benefits from the research findings. If analysis is not appropriate, management cannot get benefit from the market research to decide the solution of problems prevailing in the organizations. Conclusion and Presenting the Report The last stage of market research process is presentation of data and conclusion. This stage is highly important for the researchers as well as for management who are responsible for deriving answers of research questions. It is very important for the researchers to present the findings in an effective manner so that management can take decisions regarding the prevailing problems in the organization. The researcher needs to communicate the findings of the research in an effective manner. In market research, management does not take interest in the details of the research process but takes high interest in the findings and conclusion. This is because management has to take decisions regarding prevailing organizational problems. Therefore, if findings are not presented logically and effectively, managements effectiveness in decision making is impact. It is very important for the researcher to present logical and justified recommendations regarding the research problems so that manageme nt can take help in decision making. 4.2 Provide a justified proposal for a suitable market research plan for a given organization For the Savoy Hotel, following research plan is proposed in the following stages: Aim and Objectives Data Collection Data Analysis Results and Conclusion Recommendations In analyzing services provided by Savoy hotel elegant dà ©cor services with stylish Italian architecture for key attraction has been provided. The Florence atmosphere with classic marble and mosaic bathrooms with enjoyable and exhilarating experience attracts customers all around. 4.3 Understand the difference between qualitative and quantitative research and evaluate when each might be appropriate Qualitative research is basically exploratory research which aims at obtaining reasons, motivations and opinions regarding the research questions. This type of research is conducted through development of hypothesis in quantitative terms (Saunders et al., 2009). This research is used to discover the thoughts, trends and opinions regarding a particular research problem. Qualitative research methods investigate a particular problem in theoretical terms; there are different methods which are used to conduct qualitative research. These methods may include semi structured interviews, observations and focus group discussions. In order to conduct qualitative research, small research sample is selected from the entire population. On the other hand, quantitative research codifies the research problem through numerical data which can be converted into appropriate statistics. This research method is applied in market research to identify the attitudes, behaviors, opinions and suggestions in quantitative terms. The aim of this type of research is to generalize the results on a large sample (Russ and Preskill, 2001). Quantitative research is used to uncover the aims and objectives of the research in quantitative terms. There are several methods through which quantitative research can be conducted. These methods may include surveys, face to face interviews, website interceptors and online polls. This type of research focuses on quantities and numeric for finding the solution of research problems. On the basis of statistics and numeric analysis, quantitative research finds the answers of research questions. On the other hand, qualitative research focuses on qualities such as behaviors and attitudes in real manner. The results of qualitative research are presented theoretically rather than numerically (Russ and Preskill, 2001). Quantitative research is applied at the scenarios where aim is to generalize the result on a large population. On the other hand, qualitative research methods are applied on the scenarios where aim is to discover problem in an organizational setting and find solution of problems. 4.4 Evaluate different research methodologies based upon a given scenario There are different types of research methodologies which are implemented on particular scenarios. Each research methodology focuses on particular aims and objectives (Saunders et al., 2009). Some of the research methodologies are as follows: Quaitative research This is first type of qualitative research methodology which refers to investigation of the research problem in theoretical terms. This type of research methodology aims at investigation of research problem in words. In social sciences, qualitative research is conducted. This type of research is conducted in a natural setting so that researchers can get deep insight of the research problem. Quantitative research The second type of research methodology is quantitative research which is used to determine the relationship between different factors. The nature of relationship is quantitative. Mixed research Mixed methodology refers to mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. This type of research methodology is recommended by the researchers for finding logical and justified answers of research questions. Action research This research model refers to studying a particular problem and accomplishing its aims at the same time (Saunders et al., 2009). Conclusion Recommendation Explain each of the 7PS and apply them to a chosen organization Product: The Sovay hotel offers services to customers with hotel, restaurants and accommodation service that manage business activities in effective manner. Hotels Restaurants Spas Amigo BocconiRistorante Browns Hotel Browns Lincontro Charles hotel Augustine HIX Mayfair Hotel De Russie Verdura Golf and Spa Verdura Golf and Spa Verdura Golf Spa Resort Rocco Forte hotel Parioli The Balmoral Villa Kennedy Rocco Forte Hotel Hotel Astoria Astoria Gusto Rocco Forte hotel Price: The price of room, suites and halls varies with consumer demand. The Edwardian Elegance Suite package 785  £ Every ones an original winter offer 300 £ Savoy festive package 395 £ Savoy Splendor 295 £ Savoy Suite Treat 775 £ Sundays at the Savoy package 250 £ Bed breakfast package 305 £ Cabaret Theatre package 540 £ Impression package 495 £ The Savoy element package 825 £ Top hat theatre package 465 £ The variance in prices in accordance with consumer demand present effective ways of accommodation, theatre package, dinner manage global event and meeting solution. Placement: The strategies regarding placement are as follows: Savoy family Suite One king and two twin beds Junior Suite One king bed Deluxe Junior Suite One king bed Savoy Suite One king or one queen bed River view junior suite One king bed Edwardian Suite One Queen bed Art Deco Suite One king bed Art Deco two bedroom suite One king bed River view deluxe suite One king bed Personality Suite One king bed Personality Art Deco Suite One king bed Promotion: 24 hour Butler service, tea and coffee service, Audio i-pod service, unpacking service of arrival, fresh flower, daily news paper , magazine selection, leather desk manage to gather effective promotion services. In perspective of consumer demand dining , meetings and activities were offered. Global event and meeting solutions relevant to prestigious revenue services, divine dances with family oriented , personal or signature packages entertain customers. Fairmont Gold Guests, honor bar, relaxing comfort , continental breakfast services were offered Family travel Mayan, Hawaiian culture with resort, games and museum attractions were offered Fairmont Golf Luxury, lodging and property facility for elegant accommodation Fairmont gift cards Award winning restaurants, denomination and currency spas Celebration life Favorable places for positive celebration of life experience Physical Evidence: The services of hotel and restaurants in Canada, United states, Asia, Europe, Mexico, Caribbean and Bermuda, Middle East and Africa in different regions attracts customers. In areas like Dubai, Jakarta, Moscow, Riyadh ,Baku ,Austin and Amman attracts customers all over region. People: On website (http://www.fairmont.com/explore/family/) in different languages like English, France, Denmark, Arabic and Chinese were offered. Login and search offers were presented in accordance with family travel, restaurants and bars. Process: Facilities were offered with appropriate customer needs and advancement. Most of people all over region gain information through web portals as featured offers like celebrations, culture, discovery, family, food and wine, green and internet were offered. Evaluate the four segmentation criteria and be able to recommend a suitable market segment for a given organization Savoy hotel is famous for excitement and glamorous sparkling services to customers all over region. People of every cast, sect and culture had been offered with excellent services of like guest services including babysitting, bell staff, check inout, housekeeping and pet policy. Business service offered includes CD burning, DVD playing, High speed internet access, Microsoft application and VAT refunding service. Similarly Butler services for in-suite check-in and orientation, drink on arrival, complimentary pressing, wake -up call system, dressing service, travelling consultant and personal shopping to entertain services were offered. Wedding planning and event management system for private rooms, Banqueting rooms and high class customer services to entertain customers were offered. Special promotion offers with customer needs and wants for promotion and money compensation for presenting positive image were offered. Dinning, meeting and photo entertainment facility that improves cust omer attraction manage to gather user attention. Signature offers SANTA Monica, Bab AL Bahr, Fairmont Le Chateau Frontenac and Jasper park lodging service to attract target audience manage to attract customers. SPA and bathing offers to attract customer and made them treatment oriented for perfect customer association with user demand. The differentiation strategy to entertain customers all over region manages to attract customers all over region. The management of hotel and restaur

Describe Sexual and Gender Identity, the Distinction Between Them

In physiological side, the sex identity is regarding the appearance of the external sex organs at the birth of an infant. Hence, the sex identity of boy or girl is usually straight forward related to biological. On the other hand, the gender identity is more complicated. It cannot be focus on biological process and it may affect by many aspects. Firstly, the behavior of males and females always affect by different culture and society. Each culture has their own sex roles standards and can change as time goes on.For example, there is big difference viewpoint when we look at a transvestist nowadays. We can accept this is a trendy and they are fashionable. Even though many parents can gradually accept their son or daughter is a transgender, they will try their best to lead their children in the appropriate sex roles from infancy stage. Girl must wear dress in pink and play with their â€Å"Barbie† doll. Whereas, boy must play with their car or transformers toys. Also boy should b e stronger than girl and protect them always. Crying is for girl only.Hence, the major influences on the child’s adoption of typical masculine or typical feminine are their parents’ attitudes. In general, tomboy is easier to accept by people than effeminate behavior for boys. The sex-roles of cultures that are radically different from our own. According to Margaret Mead's studying of three tribes, the Arapesh, the Mundugumor and the Tchambuli, she found that few sex role differences in the Arapesh and the Mundugumor. The males and females of the Arapesh were passive, gentle and co-operative. The Mundugumor were aggressive, restrictive and fierce.The Tchambuli appeared to be a complete reversal of the typical male and female sex-roles as we know them. The women were independent and aggressive whilst the men were considered sentimental and emotional. Such finding indicated a great deal of cultural and social influences on the child's formation of either male or female. B y learning theory, the acquisition of gender roles was by teaching rather than biological. Bandura, the social learning theorist, believe that sex appropriate behaviors are learned like the other behaviors.They are both via imitation and reinforced by parents. Non-appropriate behaviors is not allowed or actively discouraged. From the infant was born, their parents started to instil sex appropriate behaviors consciously and unconsciously. Goldberg and Lewis in 1969 studying 32 girls and 32 boys with their mothers, they found that the emergence of sex-typed behaviors by the age of 13 months and indicated links between these sex-appropriate behaviors and the way in which these toddlers had been treated by their mothers.At the result, greater dependency on their mother which was showed by the girls at 13 months was due to the differences in handling at 6 months. Hence, it appears that early differences in handling may contribute to the emergence of sex-typed behavior. Some theorist beli eve that the biological factors still can explain why a child adopts a specific gender roles through two main ways. One is the effects of hormones and the other is the lateralisation of brain functions.Young and his associates used monkey for testing. They injected pregnant monkeys with testosterone (a male hormone) early in their pregnancy. They found that female offspring had some genital abnormalities and showed types of social behavior which were more characteristic of male monkeys. Later testing the female monkeys injected testosterone after birth but before puberty, they become much more assertive, and even becoming very powerful.From another theorist, John Money, he matched pairs of hermaphrodites, he concluded that it is the socially imposed identity which is the accepted one though there does appear to be a critical period between 18 months and 3 years after which sexual reassignment is unwise. Regard to the lateralisation of brain functions, two hemispheres of the brain sp ecialize in different functions. In general, the left hemisphere is concerned with processing verbal material while the right hemisphere deals with spatial information.The other theorist, Bryden found that men are more specialised than women. That means men are more vulnerable to the effects of brain damage than women. For example, if a woman suffers damage to the left hemisphere she is less likely to suffer language impairment than a man with similar damage. Similarly, if a woman suffers damage to the right hemisphere she is less likely to show spatial problems than a man. As a result, the specialisation of the two hemispheres of the brain seem to indicate that some sex differences are inate.

Night: Elie Wiesel, Literary Analsis Essay

The story is a sad one; one filled with despair around every corner and past every page. We begin to look on the characters that helped to create and personify the horror of the Holocaust. From Elie, to his father, Shlomo, or to the woman on the bus, and Moishe the Beadle; how does the character of Elie Wiesel, Change throughout the story – because he does. As we attempt to pick the brain of our author we begin to see the mastermind behind the novel, and maybe even understand some of the horror inked into the pages. First of all, let’s note the differences between our main character and the author. Noting the change between these two is essential, it will help better understand the change of Elie in the story. They are the same person but as it is hard to write about and relive the events of the holocaust for our author, he changes a lot of the minor details to create a line between Elie and himself. Examples of this can be found in the book; while Wiesel writes that Elie injures his foot in the concentration camp, the reality is that Wiesel injures his knee. (Editoral) This book was not written to be a documentary, but an emotional journal, a purging of experience onto the pages of the book. To, in a way, offer some insight and knowledge, in an attempt to try and erase some of the ignorance surrounding the holocaust. Elie’s most fundamental beliefs are tested in these happenings, his faith most of all. His faith in God, the judicial system, and in human beings in general is tested like never before. We look at Elie Wiesel, our author and narrator who is a young boy that is forced through a lot of torment. As a boy he was fond of his father, would do anything to protect him, his whole family for that matter, they were closely knit. Moishe came to Shlomo and his family and tried to warn them of the imminent danger. To try and help them flee before it was too late, but it was all in vain. The Hungarian Police invade the small home town of Sighet and, by force, remove the Jews from their homes. The revulsions of the Concentration camp named Auschwitz’s Block 17 turn him into a battered man faster than he could have imagined. â€Å"Everybody out! Leave everything inside. Hurry up† they were forced to leave the place they called home with such speed and abrupt force; he really didn’t have time to adjust. Block 17 did the adjusting for him. Elie grew up well off and didn’t have enough experience to know that food was not something that one should take for granted. He refused his first ration of food in the concentration camp, still silently holding off hope that this would all be over soon. He was thinking that soon he would be able to go home, to be back to doing what he was used to. Little did he know, the same bowl of soup he passed up would one day get one of his Jewish colleagues shot and killed. Elie says; â€Å"I became A-7713. From then on, I had no other name. † Stripped of his name, age, hair, clothing, dignity, personality, and life, he continued to live as a number in the Nazi Concentration camp. Furthermore we consider the character of Eli’s father, Shlomo, and the role he played in the transformation of Elie. His character remains pretty much unchanged throughout the whole story. We don’t hear much about how Shlomo feels about the Holocaust; all that we hear is how his father being in the holocaust affects Elie. We often hear Elie say that he wish he had done something about all the torture he had to endure. The reason Auschwitz’s was so bad for Elie, was mostly because he knew his dad was there going through the same things that he was. This hurt Elie, and broke him almost to the bone. His dad is the only reason that he doesn’t break, however; Elie feels like he has to stay strong for Shlomo. Elie is changed from the young wealthy boy with the perfect life to the prison hardened young man with nothing to look forward to. He is forced to watch his father suffer through torture. He is more than the average protagonist; the antagonist in this story is the whole rest of the world. He is limited by his religion and the forces surrounding him to be something that he is not. He loved his father would do anything for him; he makes unthinkable decisions that will protect them in the end. Elie survives the worst of conditions, the harshest of attitudes, and the most unthinkable predicaments. He is indeed a warrior; and a worthy survivor of the Holocaust.

Determinants of Offshore Outsourcing Software - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1043 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? 1.1. Determinants of offshore outsourcing software To evaluate location attractiveness for offshore outsourcing software, A.T.Kearney, a global management consulting firms annually ranked à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Top 10 Best Consulting Firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Vault Consulting Rank, 2014) that focus on strategic and operational CEO-agenda issues, established the index metrics based on industry services and knowledge gained from client engagements over the past five years. Relying on the importance of location decision, A.T.Kearney decided the relative weights of each metrics. Financial factors constitute 40% in total weight because it is the most important determinants offshore outsourcing software. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Determinants of Offshore Outsourcing Software" essay for you Create order The two remaining elements à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" people skills and availability as well as business environment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" each contributes to 30% of the total weight (A.T.Kearney, 2011). Table 1.3: A.T.Kearney Global Services Location Index, 2011 Category Subcategory Metrics Financial attractiveness (40%) Compensation costs Average wages Median compensation costs for relevant positions (call-center representative, BPO analysis, IT programmers and local operational managers) Infrastructure costs Rental costs Commercial electricity rates International telecom costs Travel to major customer destinations Tax and regulatory costs Relative tax burden Corruption perception Currency appreciation and depreciation People skills and availability (30%) Remote services sector and quality ratings Size of existing IT and BPO sectors Contact center and IT center quality certifications Quality ratings of management school and IT training Labor force availability Total workforce University-educated workforce Workforce flexibility Education and language Scores on standardized education and language tests Attrition risk Relative IT and BPO sector growth and unemployment rate Business environment (30%) Country environment Investor and analyst ratings of overall business and political environment Foreign Direct Investment Index Security risk Regulatory burden and employment rigidity Government support for the information and communication technology (ICT) sector Infrastructure Overall infrastructure quality Quality of telecom, Internet and electricity infrastructure Cultural exposure Personal interaction score Security of Intellectual Property (IP) Investor ratings of IP protection and ICT laws Software piracy rates Information security certifications (Source: A.T.Kearney, 2011) 1.1.1. Financial attractiveness In recent research by KPMG, the consultancy, revealed that, when asked for the reasons for offshore software outsourcing in 2012, 70% of business decision makers said cost was a driver (Karl Flinders, 2013). 1.1.1.1. Compensation costs One of the top determinants for offshore outsourcing software is cost control and the primary cost driver in the United States and Europe is compensation costs which consist of wage costs and relevant position costs like IT programmers and local operational managers (Chris Niccolls, 2012). Labor costs are monthly compensation for the clients because offshore outsourcing software lets them take advantage of lower labor costs of vendorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s nation. 1.1.1.2. Infrastructure costs In cost-benefit analysis of offshore outsourcing software, infrastructure costs comprising of rental costs, commercial electricity rates, international telecom costs and travel to major customer destinations should be considered in cost estimation. Rental cost for office space for representative office is one of important determinants because potential expanding possibility requires clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s companies to rent office for their local employees and expatriates to manage outsourcing service as well as exploit new market to reduce delivery cost to and fro between the two countries of client and vendor. Besides, commercial electricity rate and international telecom costs are expenditure for operation and management activities in software outsourcing process, especially for partial outsourcing projects. 1.1.1.3. Tax and regulatory costs Tax and regulatory costs are determinants of offshore outsourcing software since all clients always take notice of these factors to select the best destination of service. Vendors, hence, also research on such elements to reduce their operational costs. Types of tax are considered in offshore outsourcing software are: income tax for vendorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s corporation, preferential income taxation for software industry staff, Value Added Tax for software products and services, import tax for materials used for software production, export tax for software products, etc. Furthermore, some countries with encouragement policies for ICT development like low Internet price or low hiring price for industrial park are noticeable determinants of offshore outsourcing software (Athukorala, 2006; Auffret, 2003; Nguyen, 2004) 1.1.2. People skills and availability In the report by KPMG mentioned in part 1.3.1, while 83% of client corporations chose cost was driver of software outsourcing in 2011, such number reduced to 70% in 2012. 53% of interviewees selected human capital to be a crucial determinant of offshore outsourcing software ((Karl Flinders, 2013). 1.1.2.1. Remote services sector and quality ratings Size of existing IT and BPO sectors is sufficient background for development of offshore outsourcing software with existing facilities, market, models and framework of such activities. Size of existing IT and BPO sectors seem to be an evidence of experience for vendors, which acts like brand of offshore outsourcing software to vendors to make decisions. In addition, availability of quality ratings are determinants of offshore outsourcing software since one main characteristics of service is variability which requires specific standards to maintain quality of service (Ateeq Khan, 2009). Quality ratings of management school and IT training ought to be considered as staffing is a key organizational decision variable in software development (Pressman, 2005). 1.1.2.2. Labor force availability Offshore outsourcing software frees a firm from gathering talents with particular skills to accomplish certain tasks and from developing management capabilities to control non-core tasks (Robert Kennedy et al., 2013). When researchers evaluate labor force availability, both of quantity and quality of human resources is taken into account. Total workforce and age of population presents potential quantity of talent pool for outsourcing software. Also, number of university-educated workforce is signal for quantity of human capital because offshore outsourcing software requires technical knowledge and skills. Hence, vendors should employ high quality employees with professional degrees in Computer Science, Engineering, Management and similar fields (A. B. Nauman, 2004). Last but not least, workforce flexibility show working cultures of outsourcing countries to forecast conflicts in relationships between vendors and clients. 1.1.2.3. Education and language Not only does offshore outsourcing software requires significant of education but language literacy is also essential (Robert Kennedy et al., 2013). Education system and language proficiency are two determinants in human expertise and resources in offshore application outsourcing framework (Naumann, Aziz et al., 2004). The importance of education system is not just knowledge background of workforce; and it still concentrates on technical and interpersonal practice skills. Besides, English is compulsory language in offshore outsourcing software since it is the second language in the world and the main language in global software (Dorie Clark, 2012). If outsourcing staffs are fluent in language of clients, it will be a plus to enhance more effective communication.