Managing a diverse workforce Free Essays

Managing a Diverse Workforce Our society is becoming more diverse. We can see people from different nation or different racial in our daily life, this situation is more obvious in school and workplace, especially in multinational. A diverse workforce combines employees from different nations, ethnic and gender that together create a more creative, innovative, and productive workforce. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing a diverse workforce or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many companies see workplace diversity as an investment toward building a better business. However, although workplace diversity can help many make more profits, it also brings some challenges to employees and managers. Below are several common challenges often happened in workplace diversity. First challenge is poor communication (Holt, n. D. ). Workplace diversity often has employees from various backgrounds and experiences. Sometimes, those employees do not have common language. Therefore, it caused difficulties for employees to communicate with each other, and lead to misunderstandings and a decrease in productivity. Second challenge is resistance (Holt, n. D. ). Although oracle diversity can help company make more profits, some employees or business owners may not want to make any change, because those people only want to stay in their comfort zone. Therefore, making diversity in workplace without any plan may cause negative impacts, such as decrease productivity, damage morale and lead to bad workplace environment. Third challenge is discrimination. Employees may discriminate against others because those employees think they are better than others. There are several types of discrimination may happened in workplace. For example, local employees may discriminate against foreign employees because local employees think they have geographical advantages, male may discriminate against female because male think they are better than female, white may discriminate against black or yellow because white think they are superior than them. There are too many possible discrimination may happen in workplace. For managing a diverse workplace, some companies use affirmative action to maintain the diverse in workplace. How to cite Managing a diverse workforce, Papers

Philosophy Of The Human Mind Truth Essay Example For Students

Philosophy Of The Human Mind: Truth Essay TABLE OF CONTENTS1. THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT OF TRUTH2. THE ACHIEVEMENT OF TRUTH1. THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT OF TRUTHEpistemology is the study of what we know, how we know, and what we can or cannot know. In Epistemology, students are asked many questions about Truth and Knowledge. Here are two basic questions that students may be asked, What is Truth? and Can we really have Truth? The simple answer to this question is yes. Truth, in a philosophical term is defined as What the universe actually is not what one thinks it is or is not. An opinion in philosophy does not count. Good philosophers must be able to reason to others what they claiming are true. Everyone has his/her own opinions. If we allowed opinions in philosophy, then there can be no such thing as truth. If everyone has his/her own opinions, what can be true for you may not be true for me and vice versa. Being skeptical and saying that we can never know the truth does not change the way the universe actually is to somethi ng that it isnt. For instance, if I never went outside of my house or look outside my window, I will never know that the sky is blue. Even though, I do not know that the sky is blue, it doesnt change the fact that the sky is actually blue. Now, I would like to discuss with you two types of Truth. The first type of Truth is called Normative Truth, and second type of Truth is called Descriptive Truth. Normative Truth is Permanent Truth; Descriptive Truth is Temporary Truth. Here is an example of Descriptive Truth I am in Toronto This is currently true, but what if I move to New York? Here is another example of Descriptive Truth The CN Tower is located in Toronto This is currently true, but what if The CN Tower was moved to Montreal or destroyed? Than the statement, The CN Tower is located in Toronto is false. The other type of Truth is Normative Truth. Normative Truth is what the universe actually is, or what it actually holds. For example, The Sky is blue, 2 * 3, 1 + 1 = 2, Elephants are bigger than rabbits These are all normative Truths. We know that Rabbits can never be bigger than Elephants, or that 2 can never be greater than 3. These statements will always remain true unlike statements like The CN Tower is located in Toronto (Note: Descriptive Truth is not someones opinion. The CN Tower is located in Toronto is known as Descriptive Truth, but is this someones pinion? of course not!)Now that you know about Normative and Descriptive Truth, what you should also know are the three rock-bottom rules of Logic. Here are the three rules. Rule # 1: The law of Non-Contradiction(Nothing can both be and not be at the same time and in the same sense) Rule # 2: The Law of Excluded Middle(Something either is, or it is not) Rule # 3: The Law of Identity(Something is what it is). Notice: These are the three basic rules that every philosopher must know about. In rule # 2, it states that Something either is or it not You have to understand that Rule # 2 only applies to general concepts not specific concepts. For instance, the colour gray is not really black or white. Gray is a colour in between of black and white. If rule # 2 applies, than the colour gray would violate rule # 2, right? No, of course not! Fundamental rules apply only to general concepts. The colour gray does not violate rule # 2 because gray is a specific thing. If gray violates rule # 2, then I guess colours in between of red and blue would also violate rule # 2. I also guess that 1.5 would violate rule # 2, because it isnt 1 nor is it 2. (No! It does not viol ate rule #2. None of them do violate Rule # 2) Here are examples of the fundamental rules. I am either male or I am female. (I cannot be both male and female at the same time) This is Rule # 1I am either alive or I am dead. (I cannot be in between of being alive and being dead) This is Rule # 2I am a human being. (Thus I cannot be a rabbit) This is Rule # 3Many philosophers use logic to reason with other philosophers about what they are trying to claim. For instance, you may have already known this well famous logic statement:If P then QP, therefore Q. (TRUE)If P then Q. NOT Q, therefore NOT P (TRUE)Here is one example: Let P = I started the fire, Let Q = The fire has been started. For the first example, if P then Q, P, therefore Q. If I started the fire, then the fire has been started For the second example, if NOT Q, therefore NOT P. If the fire hasnt been started, then I havent started the fireIn both of these examples, the statements are true. Here is another example. Let P = It is cloudyLet Q = It is rainingif P then Q, if It is cloudy then It is rainingP, therefore Q It is cloudy, therefore it is raining For this statement, the logic is true. Expressive Arts Activity EssayIf NOT Q, then NOT P. if it is not raining, then it is not cloudyNOT Q, therefore NOT P. Not raining, therefore not cloudy (FALSE*)* Even though, the logic is CORRECT, Not Q, therefore Not P the statement made here is incorrect. As we know, there can be days where it is cloudy but there arent any rains. Also, there can be days where it is snowing and cloudy. Therefore, you must be able to distinguish between what is right and what is not. Logic does not play a role in everything. You cannot use logic for everything. if you do, then you arent really learning anything in life but just memorizing things. Try to understand concepts not memorize them. The real world and its problems are not as easy as those in the textbooks. Next, I would like to discuss about Appearance and Reality. As you know, being human has it disadvantaged. The disadvantage is that we may not be able to hear nor see what other animals can. Hence, when we talk about truth, it is only within the contents of our ability to perceive what is out there. An analogy is: A fish in a pond can never know about the world above the pond Non-philosophers are like people who live in caves all their lives; they think what they say is correct, they believe what they think is correct, etc but is it? (thats a question I will leave for you to decide upon). What I am trying to do is, move you outside of this cave. Sure, we may have disadvantage of not being able to hear or see what other animals can. However, the fact that we know this is a good thing. With technology and science, we can build devices that will allow us to hear and see things in which we normally would not be able to doWhy is Appearance and Reality so important related to truth? Becau se if we are restricted to what we can and cannot see, then what we saying is limited to our ability to perceive this world and this universe as a whole. Thus, Appearance and Reality teaches us that what we see or know may not be the whole truth, but just half of the truth. However, you must not say that If we are limited to what we can perceive, then why go so in-depth in trying to find the truth? Even, though we are limited to what we can and cannot see, the fact that we know this gives us an advantage. The fact that we know that we cannot see or hear things that other animals can, is something very useful to us. With technology and science, we can build devices that will let us see and hear things that we may never see or hear. Furthermore, You must know that there are certain things that we may never know about the universe. What we have to do is reason with others what we are claiming is true. Metaphysics is one branch of philosophy that deals with restrictions. If you are majoring in philosophy, this is one of the branches of philosophy in which you must learn. Metaphysics, to put it, is the basic of Philosophy. Understanding where to draw the line is one of the keys in doing philosophy. There are a right ways of doing philosophy and a wrong ways of doing philosophy. Philosophy is something that everyone does; whether or not people do it correctly is another topic. For instance, it is redundant to ask the question Who created God? Because if you asked, Who created God? The other person in his/her rights can ask you Who created the thing/element that created God? So, as you can see, the question can never be answer. Thus, being a philosopher, you must be able to understand that there are certain things th at you cannot ask or know about. (Why? because it is impossible to know about these things)In addition to all of these, Words are also very important in philosophical concept of truth. You must be able to distinguish the meaning of what your speaker is trying to say when he is using a word. For instance, when I say Canadian need changes What do I mean by Changes? These are the things that you must be able to figure out. A good course to study is, Critical Thinking. Before you learn about Epistemology, I would recommend that you study Critical Thinking. I will say this again, Knowledge is Truth. There are no such things as false knowledge. Over 200 years ago, many people believed that the Sun rotated around the Earth; this is not true but only an assumption of what people in those days believed to be true. As we move into deeply thoughts and ask deep questions, we must be aware that we will be ignorant. Being aware of our limitations and restrictions allows us to draw lines between what we can know and what we cannot know. For instance, chemistry students learn that not all elements bond to other elements to produce a compound. However, if a student did not know about this, he could spend thirty years or more trying to force two elements to go together and would never be successful in doing it. Thus, you must know there are certain things that we cannot ask or hope to achieve. How is it possible that we can ask questions in which we never have an answer to? To find the answer to this question, you might want to study Immanuel Kants philosophy. Please note, Immanuel Kants philosophy is very complex to understand fully as a whole. 2. THE ACHIEVEMENT OF TRUTHAccording to psychology, if a child is locked up in a room where he is not taught anything new nor allowed to communicate with anyone else, this child would only know what he knew before he was locked up. If we locked up one hundred children in a dark-room, later set them free when they become adults, these young adults would know less than someone who is in grade two. Therefore, it is very important to notice that environment factors play a role in knowledge as well. The question is now: Do we create truth or search for? To answer this question, I will give you an analogy. Think of the human mind as a large empty-box. If nothing goes inside the box, the box will always remain empty. Thus if we do not want an empty box, we must put something inside the box. To answer the question, Do we create truth or search for it? The answer is both. It just depends on how you look at it. Truth is search for when you have nothing inside the box and suddenly put something inside of it. We create truth when we use the information inside of the box to built something new Let me introduce you to two worlds. Empirical and Theoretical. Think of the world of Empirical knowledge, as something that you can test by using scientific methods to prove what you are saying is true. For instance, if you want to prove that X is larger than Y, what you would do is weight both X and Y. If X is really larger than Y, then the measuring machine display would show this and your claim would be proven. The other world is called the world of Theoretical knowledge. In this world, it is hard to prove that something is true or false. Even though it may be hard to prove, it is not impossible. The reason why it is hard is because we lack the necessary equipments, the necessary knowledge to prove what we are saying is true/false. The world of Theoretical knowledge will come to be t he world of Empirical knowledge if we have the equipment to prove what we are claming is true/false. Do you remember that I told you, Over 200 years ago, people believe that the Sun rotated around the Earth? (Which is of course, FALSE). If you had to classified the minds of the worlds these people were in, you would classified the world of Theoretical Knowledge Why? Because when these people say that the Sun rotated around the Earth, they did not have any scientific proof as to what they are saying. When technologies were available to them, they finally knew what they were saying was false. Please note that something that is in the world of Theoretical knowledge is just as good as that in the world of Empirical knowledge The question is now, how is the world of Theoretical knowledge created? The question is very complex. What I will tell you is that mathematics has something to do with the creation of this world. It is mathematics that help us enter the world of Theoretical knowledg e. When you were taught mathematics for the first time, your math teacher would probably say you that 1 + 1 equals 2. In addition to saying this, she would probably hold up one block and say 1 and then show you another block and say 1 plus 1 is two (holding two blocks up). For the first time, you might relate the concept 1 to the first block that she was holding up, and the concept 2 to the second box. This is incorrect. However, as you grow up and the more you learn, you realizes that the concept one is not linked to the block, but the block is just one (out of many) representation of the number 1 It is at this point, when you realized this, that your mind is in the creation of the World of Theoretical knowledge. To expand the Theoretical world, one must expand his knowledge in mathematics and in science. It is impossible to not teach students mathematics and have them enter the world of Theoretical knowledge. Half of the contents in science is very theoretical. I doubt that a scie nce student does not know any mathematics at all. He must know mathematics (I am not saying that he must know mathematics, like a mathematician). Mathematics is the language of Theoretical knowledge. Numbers are the basic of what every scientists and engineers should at least knowPhilosophy

Moods and Emotions free essay sample

And Moods A characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling is mood. Mood is the feeling often is less intense than emotions. Every human beings result of perception, learning and reasoning differs from another Disparity in outcomes serves deflection in moods. Moods are directed from an emotion which does not leave you in your normal state Mood is a feeling but behavior which is not visible There are good and bad moods which in turn occurs in response to some events. Moods effects can be negative and positive which can drop you at nadir and can shoot you at the pinnacle of ecstatic state respectively, Grouping the emotions in positive and negative categories they become mood states High positive affects consists of excited, elated, happy states and also it helps you in being serene High negative affects leaves in nervous, stressed, upset sometimes sad states Low positive affect shines in boredom manner Low negative open the doors for calmness. We will write a custom essay sample on Moods and Emotions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Moods are shorter-term emotional states, typically lasting hours, although they can last for days or longer. For example you may wake up feeling a bit down and stay that way for most of the day. We can be sent into a mood by an unexpected event, from the happiness of seeing an old friend to the anger of discovering betrayal by a partner. We may also just fall into a mood. Emotions Emotions are the strong abrupt feeling which is caused by specific events. They are always directed at someone or something. They aren’t specific but occurs in numerous ways in nature Mostly are specific in nature and are accompanied by distinct facial expressions Emotions sometimes occur for short durations however sometimes they live for forever. Types of emotions which can be expressed are frustration, anger, love, hate, joy, grief In organizational behavior emotions plays an important role as every individual mixed up in different emotions work together in hierarchy to maintain company’s goal most prioritized its status. Still It’s a myth or a science that People can’t accurately forecast their own emotions. Emotions as commonly experienced and discussed are different from moods and temperament in several ways. First, emotions tend to last for much shorter periods. The delight at being given a birthday present may subside in minutes as it is replaced by disappointment about a useless gift. Emotions thus tend to replace one another and it can be difficult to be both happy and sad (although we may have a good go at it). Emotions also tend to be more extreme than moods and temperament, with higher highs and lower lows. We can become very angry very quickly, though it is difficult to stay very angry and it may subside into a irritable mood or be replaced by another completely different emotions. Emotions tend to be very specific, triggered by noticeable events and are immediate reactions to these and which drive us to particular actions, for example running away from a snarling dog or going to chat up an attractive other person.

Experience Psychology, 3rd edition Essays - Nervous System

Experience Psychology, 3rd edition Essays - Nervous System Experience Psychology, 3rd edition Chapter 3, Sensation and Perception Vocabulary, Key Terms Absolute threshold: The minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect. Apparent movement: The perception that a stationary object is moving. Auditory nerve: The nerve structure that receives information about sound from the hair cells of the inner ear and carries these neural impulses to the brain's auditory areas. Binding: In the sense of vision, the bringing together and integration of what is processed by different neural pathways or cells. Binocular cues: Depth cues that depend on the combination of the images in the left and right eyes and on the way the two eyes work together. Bottom-up processing: The operation in sensation and perception in which sensory receptors register information about the external environment and send it up to the brain for interpretation. Cones: The receptor cells in the retina that allow for color perception. Convergence: A binocular cue to depth and distance in which the muscle movements in an individual's two eyes provide information about how deep and/or far away something is. Depth perception: The ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. Difference threshold: The degree of difference that must exist between two stimuli before the difference is detected. Executive attention: The ability to plan action, allocate attention to goals, detect errors and compensate for them, monitor progress on tasks, and deal with novel or difficult circumstances. Feature detectors: Neurons in the brain's visual system that respond to particular features of a stimulus. Figure-group relationship: The principle by which we organize the perceptual field into stimuli that stand out (figure) and those that are left over (ground). Frequency theory: Theory of how the inner ear registers the frequency of sound stating that the perception of a sound's frequency depends on how often the auditory nerve fires. Gestalt psychology: A school of thought interested in how people naturally organize their perceptions according to certain patterns. Inner ear: The part of the ear that includes the oval window, cochlea, and basilar membrane and whose function is to convert sound waves into neural impulses and send them to the brain. Kinesthetic senses: Senses that provide information about movement, posture, and orientation. Middle ear: The part of the ear that channels and amplifies sound through the eardrum, hammer, anvil, and stirrup to the inner ear. Monocular cues: Powerful depth cues available from the image in one eye, either the right or the left. Noise: Irrelevant and competing stimuli; not only sounds but also any distracting stimuli for the senses. Olfactory epithelium: The lining of the roof of the nasal cavity, containing a sheet of receptor cells for smell. Opponent-process theory: Theory stating that cells in the visual system respond to complementary pairs of red-green and blue-yellow colors; a given cell might be excited by red and inhibited by green, whereas another cell might be excited by yellow and inhibited by blue. Optic nerve: The structure at the back of the eye made up of axons of the ganglion cells that carries visual information to the brain for further processing. Outer ear: The outermost part of the ear, consisting of the pinna and the external auditory canal. Papillae: Rounded bumps above the tongue's surface that contain the taste buds, the receptors for taste. Parallel processing: The simultaneous distribution of information across different neural pathways. Perception: The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information so that it makes sense. Perceptual constancy: The recognition that objects are constant and unchanging even though sensory input about them is changing. Perceptual set: A predisposition or readiness to perceive something in a particular way. Place theory: Theory on how the inner ear registers the frequency of sound, stating that each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane. Retina: The multilayered light-sensitive surface in the eye that records electromagnetic energy and converts it to neural impulses for processing in the brain. Rods: The receptor cells in the retina that are sensitive to light but not very useful for color vision. Selective attention: The act of focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring others. Semicircular canals: Three fluid-filled circular tubes in the inner ear contain the sensory receptors that detect head motion caused

What Impact Does Technology Laws Have On Business In America Essay

What Impact Does Technology Laws Have On Business In America - Essay Example (Techtheory, 2012). The frontier of technology has been clouded by businesses since forever. Anything that can speed up production, make it more efficient and bring home more profits will fish in increased business. Technology brought with it a change in the system, for example online air-ticket bookings, ATMs and so forth (Winston 2011). The opulent past eras together with the nowadays growing anxiety of technical transformation would suggest that there is a detailed scholarly reflection on the relationship between decree and technical know-how. Though, such is not inevitably the situation. Most academic researches on law and technical expertise can be responsive to anxieties engulfing a certain machine or technically arbitrated goings-on. This conventional grant resides in a rationally constricted border of location related with safeguarding a required upcoming finished law as a tool of communal procedure the scholar-lawyer’s task is primitively expressive and graphic in thi s case; it comprises the documentation of the ‘concerns’, ‘ambiguities’ as well as the ‘holes’ which need to be taken care of by decree-makers and lawmakers. This conference targets to contest this conventional strategy. (Techtheory, 2012). ... ysver 2010) Technology plays a major role in changing the interaction of lawyers with the clients along with changing the ways through which advertisement is done. It is a primordial form of regulations that guards innovative designs, imaginative practices of communication, findings, creations and secrets of trade. Law of this framework is upheld on the notion which is there to encourage creativity, and thus people accountable for unearthing and advances in sciences deserve to be compensated for their efforts put in for start-ups and break-through. Trifling ventures, too, have now come to be much easily started up with the help via the Internet. Even stay-at-home housewives who believe that they are able to make exceptional bakery items can now find it easier to market them over the World Wide Web and transport them to their customer base. Of course it is not as easily done as said. Any transaction steered online has to consider the issue of copyright, privacy and security. The compe nsations are some degree of dominations rendered by patent and copyright laws. A person is shamefaced of infringement of copyright if any one out of the five exclusively selected privileges provided to copyright proprietors is violated, under the Copyright Act. Copyright concerns; domain name concerns; trademark concerns; defamation; and linking and framing. In those privileges are included the right to prevention of reproduction of product (or work) by others, public display of a product, or distribution of a product (Tsyver, Patent law in the United States 2010). Nowadays, courts all over the globe are pressing hard to bring about the creation of Internet Laws- a process that is anticipated as well as dreaded at the same time. These laws are considered necessary because there are no past

Home Remedy and Complementary Medications Assignment

Home Remedy and Complementary Medications - Assignment Example For the purpose of a pimple I had been using; dipping of cotton into fresh lemon juice and applying on the pimple before going to bed, putting an ice cube in a piece of cloth and holding it onto the affected area, applying of white toothpaste on the pimple before going to bed, rubbing of garlic clove several times a day, talking the steam of hot water on the entire face or usage of honey on to the affected area for half an hour. The objective of considering such folk remedies basically includes fewer side effects as compared to the prescribed doctor’s medication. Mostly all of us have endured folk remedies. For the purpose of a pimple I had been using; dipping of cotton into fresh lemon juice and applying on the pimple before going to bed, putting an ice cube in a piece of cloth and holding it onto the affected area, applying of white toothpaste on the pimple before going to bed, rubbing of garlic clove several times a day, talking the steam of hot water on the entire face or usage of honey on to the affected area for half an hour.

Tourism And Hospitality Management

Tourism And Hospitality Management The public sector in tourism and hospitality industry plays important role in the development of small businesses. This sector is highly important in micro sector development of the industry. The services of public sector of the tourism and hospitality industry include strategic directions that are important for the overall coherent development of the industry (Teo, 2003). The private sector of the tourism and hospitality industry plays important role in the active and passive development of the industry. This sector plays important role for transforming money from one country to the other. This sector is highly important for the economic development of tourism and hospitality industry (Teo, 2003). The third sector of tourism and hospitality industry is voluntary tourism which refers to paid activities such as formal businesses (Teo, 2003). This sector play role in terms of local communities such as difficulties regarding resident involvement. 1.2 Evaluate a range of different tourism and hospitality sectors and the organization that operate within them The tourism and hospitality industry is very broad industry which also includes service sectors such as restaurants, logging, event management, theme parks, transportations and other additional fields. The tourism and hospitality industry accounts for several billions across the world which depends on the disposal income of customers to facilitate them in leisure time. On the other hand, hospitality sector of the tourism and hospitality industry such as hotel, restaurant and other groups may also be included. On the whole, the tourism and hospitality industry can be divided into eight major segments. These are: Accommodation Events and Conferences Adventure Tourism and Recreation Tourism Services Attractions Transportation Food and Beverage Travel Trade Analyze stakeholders roles within tourism and hospitality industry The individuals, organizations or groups that have interest or stake in an organization are termed as stakeholders. Practices of organizations can have long lasting impact on the interests of stakeholders. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the interests of stakeholders. In tourism and hospitality industry, the organizations or individuals who have put capital or efforts in the establishment or development of the industry can be referred to stakeholders of the industry. In addition to this, different stakeholders in private and public sector organizations in tourism and hospitality industry can exist (Belinda, 2008). Businesses in tourism, government and communities can have stake in the tourism and hospitality industry. Tourists cannot be considered as actual stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry because they do not make significant money through this industry. On the other hand, they can influence the practices of the tourism and hospitality industry because they are involved in the industry from different aspects. Some of the stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry are as follows: Government: The most important stakeholder of the tourism and hospitality industry is government because policies and regulations of the tourism and hospitality industry are shaped by the government. In context of overall tourism and hospitality industry, government influences the practices of organizations in following respects (Belinda, 2008): By consultation with the private sector and other communities, it plans the policies of the tourism industry It ensures that the organizations in tourism and hospitality industry follow the planned policies and regulations It provides support in financial terms and guidance to the companies in tourism and hospitality industry It ensures that stability and law and order situation of the country for attracting tourists Industrialists: Industrialists are also very important stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry. Industrialists include travel agencies, organizations in the industry, and transport agencies. The organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry include hotels, restaurants, and shopping centers. The practices of all these organizations can affect the operations of the tourism and hospitality industry, as a whole. Industrialists can have following interests in the tourism and hospitality industry: To make investment in the tourism and hospitality industry To market their products and services in different organizations in tourism and hospitality industry such as hotels, restaurants and shopping centers To influence the companies for promoting their products and services Customers/tourists: Customers or tourists are also important stakeholders in the tourism and hospitality industry. This group of stakeholders demands value, quality and high customer care. These are the major source of money for the organizations operating in the tourism and hospitality industry (Belinda, 2008). Employees: Employees are the internal stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry. They have high level interest in the internal policies of the tourism and hospitality industry. They demand quality work environment, job security, compensation and truthful communication in the organizations (Belinda, 2008). Local Communities: In tourism and hospitality industry, local communities are important stakeholders. This is because they attract tourists and impact on their intentions of visiting a particular place. They can have stake in the tourism and hospitality industry in terms of job security, environment protection, promotion of local products and services and promotion of local culture and values. 1.4 Analyze the nature of changes to the structure of tourism industry over last 15 years? Over the last fifteen years, several changes have occurred in the tourism and hospitality industry. These changes may include change in oil prices which led to changes in charges of fuel in airlines Increased capacity of aviation on different routes which attract tourists to the tourism and hospitality industry low international airfares and cheap packages of travel with discounts which attract tourists towards the tourism and hospitality industry Trends in consumer demographics which change the behavior of customers for tourism law and order situation in different countries Terrorism factor which reduces the tourism in certain countries On the whole, trends in demographics of customers impact the consumer behavior in the tourism and hospitality industry. It is important for the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry to make important steps regarding strategic management relevant to these changes. Organizations should make relevant policies to attract customers. Task Two: Marketing Report 2.1 Analyse issues around sustainability and sustainable development in tourism and apply management strategies accordingly The sustainable issues in the tourism and hospitality industry refer to the environment protection. It is important for the organizations to apply certain policies regarding these issues to resolve the problems and disagreements. In the global context, the sustainability issues are very important. Organizations need to develop relevant strategies regarding the sustainable development. On the long term basis, organizations need to develop local as well as global strategies for attracting customers and ensuring sustainable development. This is because of integration of sustainable issues across the world. There are many issues in local context which may impact the sustainability in global aspects. Therefore, organizations should integrate their local and global strategies for ensuring sustainability in global tourism and hospitality industry. 2.2 Evaluate certain ways in which tourism can be managed in a sustainable way with reference to given examples There are three major ways through which sustainability issues in global tourism and hospitality industry. These are: Resource based tradition: In this method limitations to growth in hospitality industry are evaluated in resource context Activity based tradition: This refers to the transformation of hospitality industry on dynamic activities Community based tradition: This refers to the integration of resources and activities in the hospitality industry 2.3 Apply principles of corporate social responsibility to a chosen tourism business The corporate social responsibility refers to the commitment of the business to ethical and economic development. In tourism and hospitality industry, corporate social responsibility issues are highly important. These issues relate to the health and safety conditions. Moreover, commitment towards employees, customers and shareholders are also included in this context (Bhattacharya, 2011). The Savoy Hotel needs to be commitment towards environment in broad sense to fulfill its responsibility towards society. On the whole, Savoy Hotel needs to show its responsibility towards following sectors: Workplace Community Marketplace Environment Task Three: Market Research 3.1 Apply PESTLE analysis to describe the main trends in global tourism industry A business tool that evaluates the different factors of external environment of an organization is termed as PESTEL analysis. This tool analyzes the political, environmental, social, technological, legal and economic perspectives of the environment in which organizations operate. In perspective of tourism and hospitality industry, this tool determines that whether the industry is suitable or not for investment (Miriam, 2011). The PESTEL analysis of global tourism and hospitality industry is as follows: Political Factors Political factors refer to the extent to which government impacts the operations of the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry. The important political factors such as health protection laws, tax rates, law and order situation and political stability can influence the operations of the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry. In the global context, political situation in the Middle East can impact the tourism. Moreover, in countries like Afghanistan and Pakistan, where terrorism threats are high, tourism and hospitality industry is declining. Economic Factors Economic factors cal also the operations of the tourism and hospitality industry. These factors can influence the revenues and expenses of the organizations operating in the tourism and hospitality industry. The prices of products, raw materials and inflation can impact the industry. Rates of interest and exchange rates can also influence the industry. Financial downturn in the world decreased the purchasing power of the customers and tourists. In this way, overall revenues of the tourism and hospitality industry were impacted in that financial crisis. Social Factors Social factors may have long lasting impact on the practices of organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry. Health conscious behavior of customers may impact their purchasing behavior in the hotels and restaurant segment of the tourism and hospitality industry (Butler, 2004). Culture and religious practices of people in a particular country may also impact the practices of organizations in tourism and hospitality industry. Technological Factors Technological practices impact the demand and supply factors in the tourism and hospitality industry. Technological efficiency in the tourism and hospitality industry may enhance the demand. If the food technology is efficient in the tourism and hospitality industry, organizations in the restaurants and hotels can have high demand from customers. Organizations can prepare food quickly to meet the demand. Technology may also impact the relationship of organizations in tourism and hospitality industry with the customers. Efficient technologies can impact customer relationship management in the tourism and hospitality industry. Environmental Issues There are several environmental factors which influence the practices of organizations in tourism and hospitality industry. Packaging decisions are the major considerations in the tourism and hospitality industry. The practices of organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry which cause pollution may impact the image of the organizations in global context. Global warming, climatic conditions in different regions can also influence the practices of organizations in tourism and hospitality industry. Legal Issues There are many legal issues which impact the policies of tourism and hospitality industry. Rules and regulations regarding food practices can impact the organizations in restaurant sector of the tourism and hospitality industry. Laws regarding operating business in a foreign country can also impact the operations of the tourism and hospitality industry. 3.2 Distinguish between the elements of macro and micro environment The macro environment of an organization is a broad environment which aims at the investigation of major issues. This environment is basically refers to PESTEL environment analysis that allows the researchers to focus at the factors which impact a business in external and broad environment context. These factors may include economic, social, technological, political, environmental and legal factors. These factors impact the organization in different contexts. It is very important for the organizations to adapt to these factors in an effective manner. The results of PESTEL analysis allow the organization to see the factors where its strengths can be capitalized. Micro environment refers to a small environment which aims at investigation of a research problem in a small perspective. This environment refers to new patterns of organizations. This environment may include internal and small external environment of an organization. Internal environment may include employees and management. On the other hand, external environment may include suppliers, customers, and competitors. Both types of environment are highly important for the organizations to see their effectiveness for the operations of the business. 3.3 Analyze the effects of macro and micro environmental factors on tourism organization Political factors: Improvement in the trade barriers and opening of new tourism avenues can enhance the scope of Sovay Hotel for tourism (McKercher, 1993) Economic factors: Low bargaining power of customers and clients reduce the tourism revenues of Sovay Hotel Environmental factors: high concerns of environment such as pollution influence the Sovay Hotel to mold its practices in environment friendly mode Legal factors: Laws and regulations in tourism industry impact the Sovay Hotel to mold its practices according to laws Social factors: behaviors of customers towards healthy food impacts the policies of Sovay Hotel to offer healthy food to customers Technological factors: improvement in technologies and transportation influence the Sovay Hotel to reframe its practices for attracting customers and tourists 4. Task Four: Sustainability Corporate Social Responsibility 4.1 Evaluate the stages of market research process Defining the Problem or Need: The first stage of the market research process is defining the problem or need. Before conducting the market research, the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry need to identify the main problem or need of the research. They need to conduct investigation to discuss the need of conducting research and define the problems of the organizations. This stage defines the problems or issues that prevail in the organizations and hinder its performance. In order to find the solution of the problems, research is conducted. Deciding the researcher After defining the problem or need of the research in the organization, the next stage is to decide about the researcher who will conduct the research to resolve the prevailing issues. This stage refers to the formulation of analytical framework or methodology for conducting the research. The researcher creates case studies of the organization to make exact framework for the research. Deciding the methodology After defining problem and researcher, the next step is to decide about the methodology of the research. This stage refers to the exploration of different methodologies and frameworks for conducting research. These frameworks may include interview, survey or secondary data. It is very important to decide appropriate methodology relevant to the need of the market research. Relevant methodology aims at finding exact solution of the prevailing problems of the organizations (Baker, 2000). There can be qualitative or qualitative methodology for conducting the research. In qualitative methods, discussions are conducted with the relevant members for finding the solution of the prevailing problems. Qualitative methodology refers to the investigation of the problems in theoretical manner. On the other hand, quantitative methodology aims at finding the solution f research problems in quantitative terms. This methodology aims at investigating the research problems in numeric terms. Survey is th e best tool for conducting quantitative research. There is another methodology which is used to conduct market research. This methodology is mix f qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Many researchers suggest that mixed methodology is effective for finding the justified and logical answers of research questions. Data Collection Process After deciding the research methodology and researcher, the next stage is the data collection process. At this stage, research design is produced for the research. This stage defines the appropriate framework through which research is planned. Aims and objectives of the research are defined at this stage of market research (Saunders et al., 2009). This stage defines that what type of data is to be included in the research. Basically, there are two types of data i.e. primary and secondary. Primary data is the data which does not exists in the earlier records. This type of data is collected for the first time. This data is the most fresh and recent data. Researchers need this data to find the solution of problems. The advantages of this type of data are low biasness, relevance and logical results of research problems. On the other hand, secondary data is the data which exists in the earlier records. This type of data exists in the books, articles and other data bases. Researchers inclu de this data in the research to investigate the issues in theoretical terms. In order to investigate the research problem through secondary data, researchers study existing theories and models regarding the problem. This data is easy to collect. There are specific tools for collecting primary and secondary data. In order to collect primary data, survey, interview, focus group discussions or observations are used. On the other hand, secondary data can be collected through books, articles, newspapers and reports. Whatever the data is, the important consideration is to adopt relevant data tool which can investigate the research problem in effective manner. Data Analysis After collection of data, the next stage is to analyze data to find the answers if research questions in an effective manner. At this stage, data analysis techniques are discussed and decided. Data analysis must be relevant to the aims and objectives and research methodology. If data analysis technique is irrelevant to research methodology, justified and logical answers of research question cannot be obtained. Before analyzing data, it is important to present data in tables and appropriate transcripts so that reader can get deep insight of the research. Data analysis must be very effective so that relevant individuals can get benefits from the research findings. If analysis is not appropriate, management cannot get benefit from the market research to decide the solution of problems prevailing in the organizations. Conclusion and Presenting the Report The last stage of market research process is presentation of data and conclusion. This stage is highly important for the researchers as well as for management who are responsible for deriving answers of research questions. It is very important for the researchers to present the findings in an effective manner so that management can take decisions regarding the prevailing problems in the organization. The researcher needs to communicate the findings of the research in an effective manner. In market research, management does not take interest in the details of the research process but takes high interest in the findings and conclusion. This is because management has to take decisions regarding prevailing organizational problems. Therefore, if findings are not presented logically and effectively, managements effectiveness in decision making is impact. It is very important for the researcher to present logical and justified recommendations regarding the research problems so that manageme nt can take help in decision making. 4.2 Provide a justified proposal for a suitable market research plan for a given organization For the Savoy Hotel, following research plan is proposed in the following stages: Aim and Objectives Data Collection Data Analysis Results and Conclusion Recommendations In analyzing services provided by Savoy hotel elegant dà ©cor services with stylish Italian architecture for key attraction has been provided. The Florence atmosphere with classic marble and mosaic bathrooms with enjoyable and exhilarating experience attracts customers all around. 4.3 Understand the difference between qualitative and quantitative research and evaluate when each might be appropriate Qualitative research is basically exploratory research which aims at obtaining reasons, motivations and opinions regarding the research questions. This type of research is conducted through development of hypothesis in quantitative terms (Saunders et al., 2009). This research is used to discover the thoughts, trends and opinions regarding a particular research problem. Qualitative research methods investigate a particular problem in theoretical terms; there are different methods which are used to conduct qualitative research. These methods may include semi structured interviews, observations and focus group discussions. In order to conduct qualitative research, small research sample is selected from the entire population. On the other hand, quantitative research codifies the research problem through numerical data which can be converted into appropriate statistics. This research method is applied in market research to identify the attitudes, behaviors, opinions and suggestions in quantitative terms. The aim of this type of research is to generalize the results on a large sample (Russ and Preskill, 2001). Quantitative research is used to uncover the aims and objectives of the research in quantitative terms. There are several methods through which quantitative research can be conducted. These methods may include surveys, face to face interviews, website interceptors and online polls. This type of research focuses on quantities and numeric for finding the solution of research problems. On the basis of statistics and numeric analysis, quantitative research finds the answers of research questions. On the other hand, qualitative research focuses on qualities such as behaviors and attitudes in real manner. The results of qualitative research are presented theoretically rather than numerically (Russ and Preskill, 2001). Quantitative research is applied at the scenarios where aim is to generalize the result on a large population. On the other hand, qualitative research methods are applied on the scenarios where aim is to discover problem in an organizational setting and find solution of problems. 4.4 Evaluate different research methodologies based upon a given scenario There are different types of research methodologies which are implemented on particular scenarios. Each research methodology focuses on particular aims and objectives (Saunders et al., 2009). Some of the research methodologies are as follows: Quaitative research This is first type of qualitative research methodology which refers to investigation of the research problem in theoretical terms. This type of research methodology aims at investigation of research problem in words. In social sciences, qualitative research is conducted. This type of research is conducted in a natural setting so that researchers can get deep insight of the research problem. Quantitative research The second type of research methodology is quantitative research which is used to determine the relationship between different factors. The nature of relationship is quantitative. Mixed research Mixed methodology refers to mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. This type of research methodology is recommended by the researchers for finding logical and justified answers of research questions. Action research This research model refers to studying a particular problem and accomplishing its aims at the same time (Saunders et al., 2009). Conclusion Recommendation Explain each of the 7PS and apply them to a chosen organization Product: The Sovay hotel offers services to customers with hotel, restaurants and accommodation service that manage business activities in effective manner. Hotels Restaurants Spas Amigo BocconiRistorante Browns Hotel Browns Lincontro Charles hotel Augustine HIX Mayfair Hotel De Russie Verdura Golf and Spa Verdura Golf and Spa Verdura Golf Spa Resort Rocco Forte hotel Parioli The Balmoral Villa Kennedy Rocco Forte Hotel Hotel Astoria Astoria Gusto Rocco Forte hotel Price: The price of room, suites and halls varies with consumer demand. The Edwardian Elegance Suite package 785  £ Every ones an original winter offer 300 £ Savoy festive package 395 £ Savoy Splendor 295 £ Savoy Suite Treat 775 £ Sundays at the Savoy package 250 £ Bed breakfast package 305 £ Cabaret Theatre package 540 £ Impression package 495 £ The Savoy element package 825 £ Top hat theatre package 465 £ The variance in prices in accordance with consumer demand present effective ways of accommodation, theatre package, dinner manage global event and meeting solution. Placement: The strategies regarding placement are as follows: Savoy family Suite One king and two twin beds Junior Suite One king bed Deluxe Junior Suite One king bed Savoy Suite One king or one queen bed River view junior suite One king bed Edwardian Suite One Queen bed Art Deco Suite One king bed Art Deco two bedroom suite One king bed River view deluxe suite One king bed Personality Suite One king bed Personality Art Deco Suite One king bed Promotion: 24 hour Butler service, tea and coffee service, Audio i-pod service, unpacking service of arrival, fresh flower, daily news paper , magazine selection, leather desk manage to gather effective promotion services. In perspective of consumer demand dining , meetings and activities were offered. Global event and meeting solutions relevant to prestigious revenue services, divine dances with family oriented , personal or signature packages entertain customers. Fairmont Gold Guests, honor bar, relaxing comfort , continental breakfast services were offered Family travel Mayan, Hawaiian culture with resort, games and museum attractions were offered Fairmont Golf Luxury, lodging and property facility for elegant accommodation Fairmont gift cards Award winning restaurants, denomination and currency spas Celebration life Favorable places for positive celebration of life experience Physical Evidence: The services of hotel and restaurants in Canada, United states, Asia, Europe, Mexico, Caribbean and Bermuda, Middle East and Africa in different regions attracts customers. In areas like Dubai, Jakarta, Moscow, Riyadh ,Baku ,Austin and Amman attracts customers all over region. People: On website (http://www.fairmont.com/explore/family/) in different languages like English, France, Denmark, Arabic and Chinese were offered. Login and search offers were presented in accordance with family travel, restaurants and bars. Process: Facilities were offered with appropriate customer needs and advancement. Most of people all over region gain information through web portals as featured offers like celebrations, culture, discovery, family, food and wine, green and internet were offered. Evaluate the four segmentation criteria and be able to recommend a suitable market segment for a given organization Savoy hotel is famous for excitement and glamorous sparkling services to customers all over region. People of every cast, sect and culture had been offered with excellent services of like guest services including babysitting, bell staff, check inout, housekeeping and pet policy. Business service offered includes CD burning, DVD playing, High speed internet access, Microsoft application and VAT refunding service. Similarly Butler services for in-suite check-in and orientation, drink on arrival, complimentary pressing, wake -up call system, dressing service, travelling consultant and personal shopping to entertain services were offered. Wedding planning and event management system for private rooms, Banqueting rooms and high class customer services to entertain customers were offered. Special promotion offers with customer needs and wants for promotion and money compensation for presenting positive image were offered. Dinning, meeting and photo entertainment facility that improves cust omer attraction manage to gather user attention. Signature offers SANTA Monica, Bab AL Bahr, Fairmont Le Chateau Frontenac and Jasper park lodging service to attract target audience manage to attract customers. SPA and bathing offers to attract customer and made them treatment oriented for perfect customer association with user demand. The differentiation strategy to entertain customers all over region manages to attract customers all over region. The management of hotel and restaur